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Table 2 Median and mean 3-year costs in Euros per patient in primary and specialist care (by frequent attender status)#

From: Morbidity and doctor characteristics only partly explain the substantial healthcare expenditures of frequent attenders: a record linkage study between patient data and reimbursements data

 

Frequent attender status

 

Non

1 year

2 years

3 years

Characteristics

Median

Mean (SD)

Median

Mean (SD)

 

Mean (SD)

Median

Mean (SD)

Primary care physician (PCP)

283

338 (197)

444

525 (300)

613

722 (402)

810

1005 (664)

Emergency care by the PCP

-

20 (164)

0

51 (114)

0

83 (156)

63

156 (334)

Physical therapy1

0

41 (379)

0

77 (558)

0

99 (624)

0

181 (931)

Complementary medicine1

0

16 (98)

0

24 (122)

0

37 (142)

0

43 (160)

Laboratory costs

0

19 (49)

0

42 (69)

40

65 (89)

52

86 (101)

Medication:

  

0

 

0

 

0

 

psychotropic medication

0

86 (719)

0

134 (760)

0

156 (670)

16

233 (672)

antibiotics

0

15 (182)

11

28 (72)

19

40 (79)

33

63 (108)

painkillers

0

19 (165)

0

52 (358)

0

50 (305)

16

99 (296)

other medication

135

1091 (4019)

401

1717 (4724)

756

2621 (6745)

1262

2808 (4542)

Somatic primary care costs

511

1553 (4212)

1049

2501 (5052)

1696

3696 (7035)

2626

4421 (5316)

Psychological primary care costs

0

92 (721)

0

48 (764)

0

176 (677)

20

253 (679)

All primary care costs

540

1645 (4284)

1137

2650 (5145)

1839

3872 (7056)

2746

4674 (5583)

All specialist care costs

379

3399 (14124)

1753

5866 (16752)

3023

6911 (12877)

5393

11 150 (18 582)

  1. #All differences between means (and medians) were statistically significant at the <0.001 level.
  2. 1Only the costs reimbursed by the insurer.