Baseline | One-year follow-up | Effects | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range 0 (not at all) – 4 (a great extent) | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Difference in change between groups | p value |
Motivational interviewing: mean scores (s.d.) on the BECCI | 1.53 (0.47) | 1.49 (0.45) | 1.63 (0.65) | 1.42 (0.52) | 0.07 (0.09) | −0.08 (0.09) | 0.15 (0.12) | 0.237 |
1. Nurse invites the patient to talk about behaviour change | 1.43 (0.77) | 1.67 (0.69) | 1.50 (0.78) | 1.36 (0.77) | 0.13 (0.11) | −0.26 (0.11)* | 0.39 (0.15)* | 0.009* |
2. Nurse demonstrates sensitivity to talking about other issues | 2.77 (0.68) | 2.78 (0.65) | 2.92 (0.64) | 2.56 (0.62) | 0.19 (0.13) | 0.05 (0.13) | 0.14 (0.18) | 0.440 |
3. Nurse encourages patient to talk about current behaviour | 2.00 (0.93) | 1.93 (0.86) | 1.89 (1.04) | 1.72 (0.96) | −0.20 (0.14) | −0.21 (0.14) | 0.01 (0.19) | 0.941 |
4. Nurse encourages patient to talk about change | 1.62 (0.92) | 1.61 (0.85) | 1.76 (1.07) | 1.50 (0.82) | 0.10 (0.14) | −0.09 (0.14) | 0.19 (0.20) | 0.343 |
5. Nurse asks questions to find out how patient thinks and feels about topic | 0.93 (1.04) | 0.85 (1.00) | 1.37 (1.24) | 0.85 (1.00) | 0.41 (0.18)* | −0.00 (0.18) | 0.41 (0.25) | 0.110 |
6. Nurse uses empathic listening statements when the patient talks about the topic | 2.24 (0.64) | 2.11 (0.61) | 2.25 (0.95) | 2.11 (0.71) | −0.01 (0.11) | 0.02 (0.11) | −0.03 (0.15) | 0.846 |
7. Nurse uses summaries to bring together what the patient says about the topic | 0.20 (0.45) | 0.16 (0.44) | 0.46 (0.65) | 0.24 (0.47) | 0.19 (0.07)* | 0.11 (0.07) | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.395 |
8. Nurse acknowledges challenges about behaviour change that the patient faces | 2.22 (0.80) | 2.12 (0.72) | 2.08 (0.95) | 1.96 (1.10) | 0.03 (0.13) | −0.07 (0.12) | 0.10 (0.18) | 0.562 |
9. When nurse provides information, she is sensitive to the patient’s concerns and understanding | 1.72 (0.60) | 1.77 (0.94) | 1.59(0.60) | 1.40 (0.63) | −0.07 (0.08) | −0.17 (0.08)* | 0.10 (0.11) | 0.378 |
10. Nurse actively conveys respect for patient choice about behaviour change | 1.82 (0.75) | 1.93 (0.72) | 1.82 (1.04) | 1.85 (0.92) | 0.03 (0.14) | −0.05 (0.13) | 0.08 (0.19) | 0.679 |
11. Nurse and patient exchange ideas about how the patient could change current behaviour | 1.29 (0.98) | 1.45 (1.05) | 1.27 (1.15) | 1.39 (1.12) | −0.07 (0.14) | −0.07 (0.14) | −0.00 (0.20) | 0.984 |
Motivational interviewing: mean scores (s.d.) on additional questionnaire | 1.21 (0.25) | 1.16 (0.23) | 1.42 (0.36) | 1.24 (0.23) | 0.19 (0.05)* | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.11 (0.07) | 0.133 |
1. Global score: empathy | 2.16 (0.36) | 2.05 (0.41) | 2.37 (0.54) | 2.20 (0.47) | 0.20 (0.08)* | 0.15 (0.08) | 0.05 (0.11) | 0.667 |
2. Global score: spirit | 1.92 (0.37) | 1.94 (0.39) | 2.04 (0.51) | 1.91 (0.35) | 0.09 (0.06) | −0.03 (0.06) | 0.12 (0.08) | 0.146 |
3. Global score: structure in consultation | 2.86 (0.36) | 2.89 (0.35) | 2.93 (0.26) | 2.93 (0.26) | 0.05 (0.06) | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.01 (0.07) | 0.902 |
4. Nurse applies agenda setting and gives structure to the consultation | 1.06 (0.27) | 1.13 (0.47) | 1.11 (0.28) | 1.17 (0.37) | 0.05 (0.06) | 0.05 (0.06) | −0.00 (0.08) | 0.955 |
5. Nurse assesses patient’s importance of changing their undesirable lifestyle | 0.11 (0.36) | 0.15 (0.41) | 0.33 (0.61) | 0.18 (0.45) | 0.13 (0.09) | 0.01 (0.09) | 0.13 (0.13) | 0.314 |
6. Nurse assesses patient’s confidence in changing lifestyle | 0.16 (0.42) | 0.27 (0.51) | 0.62 (0.78) | 0.35 (0.67) | 0.33 (0.09)* | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.28 (0.13)* | 0.037* |
7. Nurse draws up concrete and feasible goals with the patient | 0.69 (0.85) | 0.73 (0.90) | 1.11 (0.99) | 0.92 (0.92) | 0.38 (0.14)* | 0.19 (0.14) | 0.19 (0.20) | 0.360 |
8. Nurse rolls with resistance, is flexible, and avoids discussion | 1.85 (0.80) | 1.90 (0.88) | 2.03 (0.93) | 2.07 (0.72) | 0.26 (0.10)* | 0.15 (0.10) | 0.11 (0.14) | 0.415 |
9. Nurse supports and reinforces the self-efficacy of the patient | 0.56 (0.96) | 0.40 (0.88) | 1.11 (1.28) | 0.64 (0.96) | 0.56 (0.15)* | 0.24 (0.15) | 0.32 (0.21) | 0.126 |
10. Nurse highlights and helps resolve discrepancy between present behaviour and important personal goals | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.05 (0.21) | 0.14 (0.35) | 0.09 (0.28) | 0.14 (0.04)* | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.05) | 0.054 |
11. Nurse asks open questions instead of closed questions as often as possible | 1.71 (1.52) | 1.30 (1.50) | 1.55 (1.55) | 1.21 (1.51) | −0.24 (0.22) | −0.08 (0.22) | −0.16 (0.32) | 0.625 |
12. Nurse applies reflections | 2.14 (0.35) | 2.04 (0.36) | 2.17 (0.41) | 2.08 (0.35) | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.04 (0.05) | −0.04 (0.08) | 0.636 |
13. Nurse is sitting behind the chair | 0.49 (0.58) | 0.31 (0.52) | 0.94 (0.95) | 0.40 (0.63) | 0.43 (0.17)* | 0.10 (0.17) | 0.33 (0.24) | 0.177 |