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Table 2 Scores on the behaviour change counselling index checklist and additional questions

From: Minimal improvement of nurses’ motivational interviewing skills in routine diabetes care one year after training: a cluster randomized trial

 

Baseline

One-year follow-up

Effects

  

Range 0 (not at all) – 4 (a great extent)

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Intervention

Control

Difference in change between groups

p value

Motivational interviewing: mean scores (s.d.) on the BECCI

1.53 (0.47)

1.49 (0.45)

1.63 (0.65)

1.42 (0.52)

0.07 (0.09)

−0.08 (0.09)

0.15 (0.12)

0.237

1. Nurse invites the patient to talk about behaviour change

1.43 (0.77)

1.67 (0.69)

1.50 (0.78)

1.36 (0.77)

0.13 (0.11)

−0.26 (0.11)*

0.39 (0.15)*

0.009*

2. Nurse demonstrates sensitivity to talking about other issues

2.77 (0.68)

2.78 (0.65)

2.92 (0.64)

2.56 (0.62)

0.19 (0.13)

0.05 (0.13)

0.14 (0.18)

0.440

3. Nurse encourages patient to talk about current behaviour

2.00 (0.93)

1.93 (0.86)

1.89 (1.04)

1.72 (0.96)

−0.20 (0.14)

−0.21 (0.14)

0.01 (0.19)

0.941

4. Nurse encourages patient to talk about change

1.62 (0.92)

1.61 (0.85)

1.76 (1.07)

1.50 (0.82)

0.10 (0.14)

−0.09 (0.14)

0.19 (0.20)

0.343

5. Nurse asks questions to find out how patient thinks and feels about topic

0.93 (1.04)

0.85 (1.00)

1.37 (1.24)

0.85 (1.00)

0.41 (0.18)*

−0.00 (0.18)

0.41 (0.25)

0.110

6. Nurse uses empathic listening statements when the patient talks about the topic

2.24 (0.64)

2.11 (0.61)

2.25 (0.95)

2.11 (0.71)

−0.01 (0.11)

0.02 (0.11)

−0.03 (0.15)

0.846

7. Nurse uses summaries to bring together what the patient says about the topic

0.20 (0.45)

0.16 (0.44)

0.46 (0.65)

0.24 (0.47)

0.19 (0.07)*

0.11 (0.07)

0.08 (0.09)

0.395

8. Nurse acknowledges challenges about behaviour change that the patient faces

2.22 (0.80)

2.12 (0.72)

2.08 (0.95)

1.96 (1.10)

0.03 (0.13)

−0.07 (0.12)

0.10 (0.18)

0.562

9. When nurse provides information, she is sensitive to the patient’s concerns and understanding

1.72 (0.60)

1.77 (0.94)

1.59(0.60)

1.40 (0.63)

−0.07 (0.08)

−0.17 (0.08)*

0.10 (0.11)

0.378

10. Nurse actively conveys respect for patient choice about behaviour change

1.82 (0.75)

1.93 (0.72)

1.82 (1.04)

1.85 (0.92)

0.03 (0.14)

−0.05 (0.13)

0.08 (0.19)

0.679

11. Nurse and patient exchange ideas about how the patient could change current behaviour

1.29 (0.98)

1.45 (1.05)

1.27 (1.15)

1.39 (1.12)

−0.07 (0.14)

−0.07 (0.14)

−0.00 (0.20)

0.984

Motivational interviewing: mean scores (s.d.) on additional questionnaire

1.21 (0.25)

1.16 (0.23)

1.42 (0.36)

1.24 (0.23)

0.19 (0.05)*

0.08 (0.05)

0.11 (0.07)

0.133

1. Global score: empathy

2.16 (0.36)

2.05 (0.41)

2.37 (0.54)

2.20 (0.47)

0.20 (0.08)*

0.15 (0.08)

0.05 (0.11)

0.667

2. Global score: spirit

1.92 (0.37)

1.94 (0.39)

2.04 (0.51)

1.91 (0.35)

0.09 (0.06)

−0.03 (0.06)

0.12 (0.08)

0.146

3. Global score: structure in consultation

2.86 (0.36)

2.89 (0.35)

2.93 (0.26)

2.93 (0.26)

0.05 (0.06)

0.06 (0.06)

0.01 (0.07)

0.902

4. Nurse applies agenda setting and gives structure to the consultation

1.06 (0.27)

1.13 (0.47)

1.11 (0.28)

1.17 (0.37)

0.05 (0.06)

0.05 (0.06)

−0.00 (0.08)

0.955

5. Nurse assesses patient’s importance of changing their undesirable lifestyle

0.11 (0.36)

0.15 (0.41)

0.33 (0.61)

0.18 (0.45)

0.13 (0.09)

0.01 (0.09)

0.13 (0.13)

0.314

6. Nurse assesses patient’s confidence in changing lifestyle

0.16 (0.42)

0.27 (0.51)

0.62 (0.78)

0.35 (0.67)

0.33 (0.09)*

0.05 (0.09)

0.28 (0.13)*

0.037*

7. Nurse draws up concrete and feasible goals with the patient

0.69 (0.85)

0.73 (0.90)

1.11 (0.99)

0.92 (0.92)

0.38 (0.14)*

0.19 (0.14)

0.19 (0.20)

0.360

8. Nurse rolls with resistance, is flexible, and avoids discussion

1.85 (0.80)

1.90 (0.88)

2.03 (0.93)

2.07 (0.72)

0.26 (0.10)*

0.15 (0.10)

0.11 (0.14)

0.415

9. Nurse supports and reinforces the self-efficacy of the patient

0.56 (0.96)

0.40 (0.88)

1.11 (1.28)

0.64 (0.96)

0.56 (0.15)*

0.24 (0.15)

0.32 (0.21)

0.126

10. Nurse highlights and helps resolve discrepancy between present behaviour and important personal goals

0.00 (0.00)

0.05 (0.21)

0.14 (0.35)

0.09 (0.28)

0.14 (0.04)*

0.04 (0.04)

0.10 (0.05)

0.054

11. Nurse asks open questions instead of closed questions as often as possible

1.71 (1.52)

1.30 (1.50)

1.55 (1.55)

1.21 (1.51)

−0.24 (0.22)

−0.08 (0.22)

−0.16 (0.32)

0.625

12. Nurse applies reflections

2.14 (0.35)

2.04 (0.36)

2.17 (0.41)

2.08 (0.35)

0.01 (0.05)

0.04 (0.05)

−0.04 (0.08)

0.636

13. Nurse is sitting behind the chair

0.49 (0.58)

0.31 (0.52)

0.94 (0.95)

0.40 (0.63)

0.43 (0.17)*

0.10 (0.17)

0.33 (0.24)

0.177

  1. *p < 0.05 was considered significant.
  2. a BECCI, Behaviour Change Counselling Index.
  3. The values were adjusted for experience as a practice assistant.