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Table 1 Characteristics of study participants (n = 865)
| Total n = 865 | Men n = 438 (50.6%) | Women n = 427 (49.4%) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 63 (12) | 63 (12) | 64 (11) | 0.030 |
| University or college degree | 134 (17.3%) | 50/394 (12.7%) | 84/380 (22.1%) | 0.001 |
| Smoker, current or previous | 455 (52.9%) | 245/436 (56.2%) | 210/424 (49.5%) | 0.050 |
| Past medical history | ||||
| Myocardial infarction | 77 (9.0%) | 57/434 (13.1%) | 20/424 (4.7%) | <0.001 |
| Revascularization | 75 (8.7%) | 60/436 (13.8%) | 15/426 (3.5%) | <0.001 |
| Stroke or TIA | 51 (6.0%) | 27/433 (6.2%) | 24/422 (5.7%) | 0.735 |
| Previous cardiovascular event | 139 (16.3%) | 92/432 (21.3%) | 47/420 (11.2%) | <0.001 |
| Present conditions | ||||
| Hypertension, medication for | 464 (54.2%) | 248/435 (57%) | 216/421 (51.3%) | 0.094 |
| Diabetes mellitus, treatment for | 96 (11.2%) | 56/434 (12.9%) | 40/423 (9.5%) | 0.110 |
| Dyslipidaemia, medication for | 241 (28.2%) | 144/433 (33.3%) | 97/421 (23.0%) | 0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure, medication for | 104 (12.4%) | 58/424 (13.7%) | 46/414 (11.1%) | 0.260 |
| Claudication | 48 (5.7%) | 25/430 (5.8%) | 23/407 (5.7%) | 0.919 |
| Chest pain symptoms | ||||
| Ever have chest pain or discomfort in the chest | 587 (70.0%) | 272/426 (63.8%) | 315/412 (76.5%) | <0.001 |
| Chest pain walking at an ordinary pace on the level | 124 (14.7%) | 59/431 (13.7%) | 65/412 (15.8%) | 0.392 |
| Chest pain walking uphill or in a hurry | 408 (48.7%) | 198/427 (46.4%) | 210/411 (51.1%) | 0.171 |
| Angina diagnosis according to patient’s opinion | 211 (26.4%) | 111/404 (27.5%) | 100/396 (25.3%) | 0.476 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 147 (19) | 148 (19) | 147 (20) | 0.503 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 84 (10) | 85 (10) | 84 (10) | 0.043 |
| Resting ECG | ||||
| Normal resting ECG | 639 (73.9%) | 303/438 (69.2%) | 336/427 (78.7%) | 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 38 (4.4%) | 27/438 (6.2%) | 11/427 (2.6%) | 0.010 |
| Atrioventricular block | 23 (2.7%) | 17/438 (3.9%) | 6/427 (1.4%) | 0.024 |
| Signs of myocardial scarring | 73 (8.4%) | 45/438 (10.3%) | 28/427 (6.6%) | 0.049 |
| Pathologic ST-T segment on resting ECG | 106 (12.3%) | 59/438 (13.5%) | 47/427 (11.0%) | 0.269 |
