Skip to main content

Table 4 Findings reported in included studies

From: General practice based psychosocial interventions for supporting carers of people with dementia or stroke: a systematic review

Reference

Type of study

Outcomes measures

Effect

Quality score

Outcome

Measurement tool

Burns et al., [29]

RCT

Affect

CES-D

Significant positive changes in the CES-D over time (p = 0.007), with no significant differences between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.311)

Response to the behavioural manifestations of the disease

RMBPC

Significant positive changes in RMBPC scores over time (p = 0.010), with no significant differences between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.976)

93 %

Risk of depression

CES-D >16

No significant effects in the proportion of carers with scores of CES-D ≥ 16 (i.e. at risk of depression) between the intervention and control groups

Well-being

Modified GWB Scale

Significant positive changes in the GWB over time (p =0.004) between the intervention and control groups

Nichols et al., [30]

Clinical translation (uncontrolled before and after study)

Burden

Zarit Burden Interview

No significant effects (p > 0.05)

Bother with behaviours

RAM

Significant positive changes in the burden over time (p =0.004)

Caregiving difficulties

No significant effects (p > 0.05)

Caregiving frustrations

Significant positive changes over time (p = 0.004)

Depression

Patient Health Questionnaire

Significant positive changes over time (p = 0.009)

67 %

Impact of depression

RAM

Significant positive changes over time (p = 0.01)

Health behaviours

No significant effects (p > 0.05)

Health status

Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36

Self-Care/safety

RAM

Social Support

Hours on duty,

Hours providing care

Fortinsky et al., [31]

Non-equivalent control group

Burden

Short Zarit Burden Interview

No statistically significant changes between the intervention and control groups in any of the median outcome measure scores over time (p > 0.05)

Community support service use self-efficacy

Likert type 10-point score questionnaire

68 %

Depressive symptoms

CES-D

No statistically significant changes between the intervention and control groups in any outcome measures after adjusting for the three time points (p > 0.05)

Symptom management self-efficacy

Likert type 10-point score questionnaire

Rodriguez-Sanchez et al., [32]

RCT

Burden

Zarit Burden Interview

No significant effects for the intervention group compared with the control group (p > 0.05)

Mental health

GHQ -12

A significant reduction in GHQ-12 score for the intervention group compared with the control group (p = 0.01)

89 %

Dysfunctional thoughts about caregiving

Losada questionnaire

Significant positive changes for the intervention group compared with the control (p = 0.01)

Quality of life

Ruiz and Baca questionnaire

No significant effects for the intervention group compared with the control group

  1. GP General practice, PC Primary care, PHC Primary Health Care, PPDC Proactive Primary Dementia Care, RCT Randomized Controlled Trial
  2. CES-D Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, CES-D >16; GHQ-12: General Health Questionnaire; GWB General Well-Being scale; Patient Health Questionnaire; RAM Risk appraisal measure questionnaire; RMBPC Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist
  3. Likert type 10-point score questionnaire (Created specifically for the project)