Study | Countrya | Setting | N | Data collection | Focusb | Definition of adverse events | Questioning design | Answering design according to Schwartz |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brown, 2006 [29] | USA | Primary care (not specified) | 22 | Individual interview | G | Other | Semi-structured | Open-ended |
Buetow, 2009 [26] | NZ | Primary care (not specified) | 64 | Focus group | G | Reason [23] | Unstructured | Open-ended |
Buetow, 2010 [27] | NZ | Primary care (not specified) | 64 | Focus group | G | Reason [23] | Semi-structured | Partly open-ended |
Dowell, 2005 [28] | USA | Primary care (not specified) | 21 | Focus group | P | NA | Structured | Partly open-ended |
Elder, 2005 [30] | USA | University-affiliated, community based family practices | 24 | Individual interview | P | NA | Structured | Partly open-ended |
Gandhi, 2006 [15] | USA | Physicians office, ambulatory surgery, radiology sites, emergency department | NA | Malpractice claims | P | IOM [25] | NA | NA |
Gaal, 2011 [49] | NL | Family physicians | 250 | Malpractice claims | P | NA | NA | NA |
Kistler, 2010 [19] | USA | Primary care (medical practices) | 1,697 | Survey (tel.) | P | Other | Structured | Partly open-ended |
Kuzel, 2004 [31] | USA | General internists, pediatricians, family physicians | 38 | Individual interview | P | Other | Structured | Partly open-ended |
Phillips, 2004 [16] | USA | Family physicians, general internists, general pediatricians | 49,345 | Malpractice claims | P | NA | NA | NA |
Phillips, 2006 [22] | USA | General physicians in private practices or residency clinics | NA | Survey (written, internet or tel.) | P | IOM [25] | Structured (for doctors, NA for patients) | Partly open-ended (for doctors, NA for patients) |
Schoen, 2004 [20] | AUS, CAN, NZ, UK, USA | Primary care (not specified) | 7,200 | Survey (tel.) | P | NA | Structured | Close-ended |
Solberg, 2008 [23] | USA | Physician multispecialty group | 1,998 | Survey (written) | P | IOM [25] | Structured | Partly open-ended |
Tam, 2008 [17] | China | Primary care clinics | 600 | Survey (tel.); Voluntary reports; Chart review | P | Other | Structured | Partly open-ended |
Unruh, 2006 [32] | USA | Outpatient cancer care | 18 | Individual interview | P | Reason [23] | NA | NA |
Wasson, 2007 [24] | USA | Clinical practices | 44,860 | Survey (internet) | P | Other | Structured | Partly open-ended |
Weingart, 2007 [21] | USA | Cancer center | 193 | Individual interview | P | NA | Structured | Partly open-ended |
Wetzels, 2008 [18] | NL | Family physicians | 50 | Survey (written); GP & pharmacist reports; Medical and autopsy records | P | WHO [24] | NA | Close-ended |
Witman, 1996 [25] | USA | General internal medicine outpatient clinic of a university medical center | 149 | Survey(written) | G | NA | Structured | Partly open-ended |