Table 3 Univariate and multivariate regression of VAS with medical, social and psychological factors (GPs’ perspective)
Description | Value | Unvariable regressions | Multivariable regression | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta coefficient (95% CI) | p-value | Beta coefficient (95% CI) | p-value | VIF* | ||
Patient’s age in years | −0.014 (− 0.023;-0.005) | 0.002 | −0.015 (− 0.023;-0.007) | < 0.001 | 1.185 | |
Patient’s gender | −0.213 (− 0.428;0.002) | 0.052 | ||||
Location of practice (ref: Urban) | Semi-urban/suburban | 0.000 (−0.417;0.417) | 1.000 | |||
Rural | 0.065 (−0.491;0.620) | 0.820 | ||||
Marital status (ref: Single) | Married | −0.226 (− 0.602;0.149) | 0.237 | |||
Separated/divorced | 0.110 (−0.318;0.538) | 0.614 | ||||
Widow | −0.211 (− 0.614;0.193) | 0.306 | ||||
Highest level of schooling achieved (ref: Compulsory education) | Upper secondary level | −0.116 (− 0.402;0.171) | 0.428 | |||
Tertiary level | −0.123 (− 0.408;0.162) | 0.398 | ||||
GP assessment of number of chronic conditions | 0.165 (0.124;0.206) | < 0.001 | 0.069 (0.031;0.107) | < 0.001 | 1.239 | |
CIRCS | 1.765 (1.488;2.042) | < 0.001 | 1.267 (1.015;1.520) | < 0.001 | 1.088 | |
Total number of different pharmacological treatment the patient is currently taking | 0.196 (0.165;0.227) | < 0.001 | 0.102 (0.070;0.134) | < 0.001 | 1.380 | |
Use of a pillbox (dispenser) | 0.595 (0.383;0.807) | < 0.001 | 0.136 (−0.045;0.317) | 0.142 | 1.106 | |
Home-based care (patient report) | 0.964 (0.623;1.305) | < 0.001 | 0.336 (0.041;0.631) | 0.026 | 1.133 | |
Total EQ-5D-3 L score | −0.036 (−0.042;-0.031) | < 0.001 | −0.016 (− 0.022;-0.010) | < 0.001 | 1.681 | |
EQ-5D-3 L health scale (VAS, 0–100) | −0.026 (− 0.031;-0.020) | < 0.001 | −0.005 (− 0.010;0.000) | 0.056 | 1.393 | |
Deprivation score (DipCare) | 0.496 (0.385;0.607) | < 0.001 | ||||
Health literacy score (HLS EU 6) | −0.612 (−0.855;-0.369) | < 0.001 | − 0.176 (− 0.382;0.030) | 0.093 | 1.133 | |
Hypertension | −0.150 (− 0.396;0.096) | 0.231 | ||||
Cardiovascular risk | −0.225 (− 0.453;0.002) | 0.052 | ||||
Diabetes | −0.047 (− 0.279;0.185) | 0.691 | ||||
Obesity | −0.027 (− 0.261;0.207) | 0.823 | ||||
Ischemic heart disease | 0.156 (−0.079;0.392) | 0.193 | ||||
Depression | 0.673 (0.429;0.916) | < 0.001 | ||||
Knee osteoarthritis | 0.192 (−0.060;0.445) | 0.136 | ||||
General pain | 0.794 (0.534;1.055) | < 0.001 | 0.198 (−0.029;0.425) | 0.087 | 1.135 | |
Atrial fibrillation | 0.287 (0.024;0.549) | 0.032 | 0.233 (0.009;0.457) | 0.042 | 1.135 | |