Table 1 Characteristics of the study population of Participatory Patient Care Planning in Primary Care (4PHC) study according to the patient activation measurement (PAM)

Women, n (%)

40 (53)

105 (57)

166 (49)

0.41

Age, mean (SD)

72 (10)

70 (8)

68 (9)

< 0.001

Living with a spouse, n (%)

47 (62)

122 (66)

240 (71)

0.075

Number of education years, mean (SD)

9.7 (3.3)

9.8 (2.9)

10.4 (3.2)

0.021

Retired, n (%)

67 (88)

165 (89)

279 (83)

0.14

Smoking, n (%)

9 (12)

20 (11)

36 (11)

0.79

Number of alcohol drinks per week, mean (SD)

2.1 (5.4)

1.7 (3.0)

1.9 (3.8)

0.75

Physical activity^a, mean (SD)

29 (20)

37 (18)

45 (20)

< 0.001

Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD)

31.7 (7.2)

29.8 (5.9)

28.8 (5.2)

< 0.001

 Systolic

144 (17)

147 (19)

145 (18)

0.99

 Diastolic

80 (10)

82 (11)

82 (10)

0.16

Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/l, mean (SD)

6.79 (1.59)

6.70 (1.26)

6.48 (1.25)

0.065

HBA1C, mmol/mol, mean (SD)

42.7 (11.0)

42.1 (9.3)

40.5 (7.2)

0.057

LDL, mmol/l, mean (SD)

2.58 (1.05)

2.68 (1.03)

2.65 (0.93)

0.70

Beck depression index score, mean (SD)

9.2 (7.0)

6.4 (5.0)

5.2 (4.6)

< 0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

35 (46)

84 (45)

127 (38)

0.11

 Hypertension

63 (83)

155 (84)

267 (79)

0.37

 Ischemic heart disease

20 (26)

50 (27)

97 (29)

0.61

 Atrial fibrillation

14 (18)

23 (12)

37 (11)

0.083

 Cardiac failure, insufficiency

5 (7)

16 (9)

18 (5)

0.50

 Musculoskeletal disorders

51 (67)

102 (55)

168 (50)

0.006

 Dementia

5 (7)

2 (1)

0 (0)

< 0.001

 Depression or other psychiatric disorders

6 (8)

12 (6)

18 (5)

0.38

 Asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

14 (18)

20 (11)

49 (15)

0.58

 Neurological diseases

1 (1)

0 (0)

7 (2)

0.36

 Cancer

2 (3)

2 (1)

4 (1)

0.37

Number of diseases, mean (SD)

2.8 (1.4)

2.5 (1.2)

2.4 (1.2)

0.004