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Service organization, utilization, and delivery of care

This section aims to publish studies looking at how health care is planned, organized, structured, and delivered in the context of primary care. This section covers, but is not limited to, service policy, access to services, referral processes, consultation practices, and early intervention strategies and services.

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  1. Imbalance in distribution of Health Care Workers (HCWs) in a country is a global challenge. Almost all of the rural and underdeveloped areas are struggling with the shortage of HCWs, especially physicians. The...

    Authors: Nasrin Mohammadiaghdam, Leila Doshmangir, Javad Babaie, Roghayeh Khabiri and Koen Ponnet

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:216

    Content type: Research article

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  2. A Primary Care Model Programme was implemented in Hungary between 2013 and 2017 in order to increase access of disadvantaged population groups to primary care and to offer new preventive services for all clien...

    Authors: Cintia Katona, Éva Gutási, Magor Papp, Orsolya Varga and Karolina Kósa

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:212

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Clinical guidelines are integral to a general practitioner’s decision to refer a paediatric patient to emergency care. The influence of non-clinical factors must also be considered. This review explores the no...

    Authors: Ciara Conlon, Emma Nicholson, Beatriz Rodríguez-Martin, Roisin O’Donovan, Aoife De Brún, Thérѐse McDonnell, Gerard Bury and Eilish McAuliffe

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:210

    Content type: Research article

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  4. The Family Practice Integrated Care Project (FPICP) is a team-based program in Taiwan initiated in 2003. This study investigates the influence of FPICP on the quality of diabetes care.

    Authors: Jerry Che-Jui Chang, Shinn-Jang Hwang, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Tai-Yuan Chiu, Hsiao-Yu Yang, Yu-Chun Chen, Cheng-Kuo Huang and Chyi-Feng Jan

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:209

    Content type: Research article

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  5. A key component of the 2009 medical reform in China was the change to family doctor (FD) policy practice. However, this led to an increased workload for primary health-care workers (PHCWs) at community health ...

    Authors: Jiaoling Huang, Xin Gong, Qing Gu, Rui Liu, Jianwei Shi, Wenya Yu, Ping Zu, Xiaojun Ma, Jie Lin, Jin Sun, Yonghua Yang and Zhaoxin Wang

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:205

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Integration of mental health services into primary health care systems has been advocated as a strategy to minimize the tremendous mental health treatment gap, particularly in low- and middle-income countries....

    Authors: N. P. Luitel, M. J. D. Jordans, P. Subba and I. H. Komproe

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:202

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Suspicion of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is common and requires urgent and efficient investigation due to hazardous prognosis. The traditional diagnostic pathway can be complex and time-consuming, and innovativ...

    Authors: Charlotte W. Appel, Annette M. Balle, Mads M. Krintel, Axel Vittrup, Agnete H. Nielsen and Peter Vedsted

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:195

    Content type: Research article

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  8. There is growing evidence for the use of social prescribing as a means to improve the mental health of patients. However, there are gaps in understanding the barriers and enablers faced by General Practitioner...

    Authors: Henry Aughterson, Louise Baxter and Daisy Fancourt

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:194

    Content type: Research article

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  9. From 2015 to 2016 Germany faced an influx of 1.16 million asylum seekers. In the state of Hamburg Primary Care walk-in clinics (PCWC) were commissioned at refugee camps because the high number of residents (57...

    Authors: Jan Hendrik Oltrogge, Ingmar Schäfer, Dana Schlichting, Martin Jahnke, Anja Rakebrandt, Susanne Pruskil, Hans-Otto Wagner, Dagmar Lühmann and Martin Scherer

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:193

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Most schizophrenia patients are supported by main informal caregivers at home in China. This study aims to investigate the further needs of social supports for main informal caregivers of schizophrenia patient...

    Authors: Meirong Wang, Guanghui Jin, Yun Wei, Feiyue Wang, Zhaolu Pan, Lifen Chen and Xiaoqin Lu

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:192

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Some studies, mainly coming from the U.S., indicate disparities in heart failure (HF) treatment according to migration/ethnicity. However, respective results are inconsistent and cannot be transferred to other...

    Authors: Olaf von dem Knesebeck, Martin Scherer, Gabriella Marx and Sarah Koens

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:189

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Safety culture is still a poorly studied subject in primary care and home care, although these settings are considered gateways to access to healthcare. This study aims to evaluate safety culture in primary an...

    Authors: Letícia Martins Lousada, Francisco Clécio da Silva Dutra, Beatriz Viana da Silva, Natália Lúcia Lima de Oliveira, Ismael Brioso Bastos, Patrícia Freire de Vasconcelos and Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima de Carvalho

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:188

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease commonly encountered in primary care. This study aimed to audit COPD care at primary care clinics of Hong Kong and to work out improve...

    Authors: X. R. Catherine Chen, S. H. Leung and Y. C. Li

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:184

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Collaborative care approaches between general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacists have received international recognition for medication optimization and deprescribing efforts. Although specialist providers ha...

    Authors: Navina Gerlach, Matthias Michiels-Corsten, Annika Viniol, Tanja Schleef, Ulrike Junius-Walker, Olaf Krause and Norbert Donner-Banzhoff

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:183

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Implementation of the new Enhanced Primary Health Care (EnPHC) intervention aims to improve service quality and experience at primary healthcare clinics; especially to newly diagnosed patients. This was achiev...

    Authors: Mohammad Zabri Johari, Zalilah Abdullah, Ainul Nadziha Mohd Hanafiah, Nur Izzati Mohammed Nadzri, Siti Aisyah Razli and Yuke Lin Kong

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:182

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Following World Health Organization’s initiatives to advance primary care, China put forth forceful policies including the Personal Family Doctor Contract to ensure that every family sign up with a qualified d...

    Authors: Jianwei Shi, Hua Jin, Leiyu Shi, Chen Chen, Xuhua Ge, Yuan Lu, Hanzhi Zhang, Zhaoxin Wang and Dehua Yu

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:178

    Content type: Research article

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  19. In the Netherlands, community-dwelling older people with primary care emergency problems contact the General Practitioner Cooperative (GPC) after hours. However, frailty remains an often unobserved hazard with...

    Authors: Anneke Bloemhoff, Yvonne Schoon, Kien Smulders, Reinier Akkermans, Lilian C. M. Vloet, Karin van den Berg and Sivera A. A. Berben

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:171

    Content type: Research article

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  20. As the number of elderly and multimorbid patients increases, healthcare has become more complex. This requires good coordination of treatment and care given the various  health care professionals involved (e.g...

    Authors: Christine Arnold, Patrick Hennrich, Jan Koetsenruijter, Jan van Lieshout, Frank Peters-Klimm and Michel Wensing

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:168

    Content type: Study protocol

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  21. Primary care systems around the world have implemented nurse practitioners (NPs) to ensure access to high quality care in times of general practitioner (GP) shortages and changing health care needs of a multim...

    Authors: Stefan Gysin, Rahel Meier, Anneke van Vught, Christoph Merlo, Armin Gemperli and Stefan Essig

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:164

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Guidelines that detail preventive measures against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and influenza are published annually in France to decrease the risk of severe in...

    Authors: Charlotte Quéffélec, Louis Billet, Pierre Duffau, Estibaliz Lazaro, Irène Machelart, Carine Greib, Jean-François Viallard, Jean-Luc Pellegrin and Etienne Rivière

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:163

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Malaysia has committed to the global call to achieve universal health coverage, and with the adoption of Sustainable Development Goals, is further strengthening the health system through the primary health car...

    Authors: Ainul Nadziha Mohd Hanafiah, Mohammad Zabri Johari and Syafinas Azam

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:162

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Dutch child and youth health care (CYHC) practitioners monitor and assess the well-being of children. One of their main concerns is identifying cases of child abuse, which is an arduous and sensitive task. In ...

    Authors: Jetske C. Erisman, Kevin de Sabbata, Teun Zuiderent-Jerak and Elena V. Syurina

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:157

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Patients with serious mental illness (SMI) and patients on antipsychotics (AP) have an elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases. In the Netherlands, the mental healthcare for these patients is increasingly ta...

    Authors: Kirsti M. Jakobs, Anne Posthuma, Wim J. C. de Grauw, Bianca W. M. Schalk, Reinier P. Akkermans, Peter Lucassen, Tjard Schermer, Willem J. J. Assendelft and Marion J. C. Biermans

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:153

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Multimorbidity (MM) is one of the major challenges health systems currently face. Management of time length of a medical consultation with a patient with MM is a matter of concern for doctors.

    Authors: Ana Carolina Reis Tadeu, Inês Rosendo Carvalho e Silva Caetano, Inês Jorge de Figueiredo and Luiz Miguel Santiago

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:152

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Primary care visits can serve many purposes and potentially influence health behaviors. Although previous studies suggest that increasing primary care provider numbers may be beneficial, the mechanism responsi...

    Authors: Jeffrey Hostetter, Nolan Schwarz, Marilyn Klug, Joshua Wynne and Marc D. Basson

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:151

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Preliminary evaluations have found that family doctor contract services (FDCSs) have significantly controlled medical expenses, better managed chronic diseases, and increased patient satisfaction and service c...

    Authors: Peipei Fu, Yi Wang, Shimeng Liu, Jiajia Li, Qiufeng Gao, Chengchao Zhou, Qingyue Meng and Sean Sylvia

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:148

    Content type: Research article

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  29. The service capacity of primary care has improved in China. General practice also takes growing responsibility in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but there are concerns about the paucity of evidenc...

    Authors: Guanghui Jin, Yun Wei, Yanli Liu, Feiyue Wang, Meirong Wang, Yali Zhao, Juan Du, Shuqi Cui and Xiaoqin Lu

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:146

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Demand on hospital emergency departments for paediatric problems is increasing. However, the volume and nature of paediatric health demands placed on other parts of the urgent care system have not been explore...

    Authors: George Edwards, Rachel Brettell, Chris Bird, Helen Hunt, Dan Lasserson and Gail Hayward

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:144

    Content type: Research article

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  31. The Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) is an incentive scheme for general practice, which was introduced across the UK in 2004. The Quality and Outcomes Framework is one of the biggest pay for performance (P...

    Authors: Nagina Khan, David Rudoler, Mary McDiarmid and Stephen Peckham

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:142

    Content type: Research article

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  32. The potential value of expanding the Practice Nurse role to include the recognition and management of dementia has been acknowledged. Practice Nurses are well-positioned to provide comprehensive dementia infor...

    Authors: Caroline Gibson, Dianne Goeman and Dimity Pond

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:141

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Transitioning from pediatric care to adult-oriented care at age 18 (the age of transfer in most countries and jurisdictions) is a complex process for adolescents and young adults affected by chronic physical h...

    Authors: Kyleigh Schraeder, Gina Dimitropoulos, Kerry McBrien, Jessica Yijia Li and Susan Samuel

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:140

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Amidst increased pressures on General Practice across England, the receptionist continues to fulfil key administrative and clinically related tasks. The need for more robust support for these key personnel to ...

    Authors: Michael Burrows, Nicola Gale, Sheila Greenfield and Ian Litchfield

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:138

    Content type: Research article

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  35. As part of a broader study to improve the capacity for advance care planning (ACP) in primary healthcare settings, the research team set out to develop and validate a computerized algorithm to help primary car...

    Authors: Cynthia Kendell, Jyoti Kotecha, Mary Martin, Han Han, Margaret Jorgensen and Robin Urquhart

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:136

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Clinical coordination across care levels is a priority for health systems around the world, especially for those based on primary health care. The aim of this study is to analyse the degree of clinical informa...

    Authors: Laura Esteve-Matalí, Ingrid Vargas, Elvira Sánchez, Isabel Ramon, Pere Plaja and María-Luisa Vázquez

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:135

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Work stress is an increasing burden in society. Identifying early symptoms of work stress in primary healthcare (PHC) could result in earlier and better-targeted care. The Work Stress Questionnaire (WSQ) was d...

    Authors: Christine Sandheimer, Tove Hedenrud, Gunnel Hensing and Kristina Holmgren

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:133

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Ultrasound imaging is utilized in Swiss primary care; however, little is known regarding the extent to which it is performed. With this study, we aim to (1) provide an overview of ultrasound use by general pra...

    Authors: Dima Touhami, Christoph Merlo, Joachim Hohmann and Stefan Essig

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:127

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Between 10 and 50% of primary care patients present with persistent physical symptoms (PPS). Patients with PPS tend to utilize excessive or inappropriate health care services, while being stuck in a deleteriou...

    Authors: Dennis Fried, Lisa M. McAndrew, Drew A. Helmer, Sarah Markowitz and Karen S. Quigley

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:124

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Improvement of preventive services for adults can be achieved by opportunistic or organised methods in primary care. The unexploited opportunities of these approaches were estimated by our investigation.

    Authors: János Sándor, Ildikó Tokaji, Nouh Harsha, Magor Papp, Róza Ádány and Árpád Czifra

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:120

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Meeting the expectations of patients is one of the most crucial criteria when assessing the quality of a healthcare system. This study aimed to compare the expectations and experiences of patients of primary c...

    Authors: Anna Krztoń-Królewiecka, Marek Oleszczyk and Adam Windak

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:118

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Medication error at transitions of care is common. The implementation of medicines reconciliation processes to improve this issue has been recommended by many regulatory and safety organisations. The aim of th...

    Authors: Patrick Redmond, Khalid Munir, Oludare Alabi, Tamasine Grimes, Barbara Clyne, Carmel Hughes and Tom Fahey

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:116

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Personalised care and support planning (CSP) has been shown to improve diabetes outcomes, patient experience and provider morale in the care of persons living with diabetes. However, this has not been confirme...

    Authors: Wee Hian Tan, Victor Weng Keong Loh, Kavita Venkataraman, Shoon Thai Choong, Yii Jen Lew, Meena Sundram, Keith Tsou, Soon Guan Tan, Brent Gibbons, Vikki Entwistle, Doris Young, E Shyong Tai and Tong Wei Yew

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:114

    Content type: Study protocol

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  44. Care pathways (CPWs) are complex interventions that have the potential to reduce treatment errors and optimize patient outcomes by translating evidence into local practice. To design an optimal implementation ...

    Authors: Eva Seckler, Verena Regauer, Thomas Rotter, Petra Bauer and Martin Müller

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:113

    Content type: Research article

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  45. In most countries, the general practitioner (GP) is the first point of contact in the healthcare system and coordinator of healthcare. However, in Germany it is possible to consult an outpatient specialist eve...

    Authors: Heike Hansen, Ingmar Schäfer, Sarah Porzelt, Agata Kazek, Dagmar Lühmann and Martin Scherer

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:110

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Treating hypertensive patients by integrating the patient-centered approach would influence the practice and outcome of treatment. Our purpose was to determine whether the implementation of a patient-centered ...

    Authors: Nida Buawangpong, Kanokporn Pinyopornpanish, Wichuda Jiraporncharoen, Nisachol Dejkriengkraikul, Pakorn Sagulkoo, Chanapat Pateekhum and Chaisiri Angkurawaranon

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:108

    Content type: Research article

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  47. The role of family physicians (FPs) in the metropolitan area is critical in identifying risk factors for disease prevention/control and health promotion in various age groups. Understanding patients’ preferenc...

    Authors: Farnaz Khatami, Mohammad Shariati, Leila Khedmat and Maryam Bahmani

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:107

    Content type: Research article

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  48. High-need, high-cost (HNHC) patients, who typically have complex and long-term care demands, contribute considerably to the high work pressure of primary care professionals (PCPs). To improve patient as well a...

    Authors: Rowan G. M. Smeets, Mariëlle E. A. L. Kroese, Dirk Ruwaard, Niels Hameleers and Arianne M. J. Elissen

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:106

    Content type: Research article

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  49. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) is a chronic condition whose status within medicine is the subject of on-going debate. Some medical professionals regard it as a contentious illness. Others report a lack of conf...

    Authors: R. Stephen Walsh, Andrew Denovan, Kenneth Drinkwater, Sean Reddington and Neil Dagnall

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:105

    Content type: Research article

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  50. Anticoagulation for preventing stroke in atrial fibrillation is under-utilised despite evidence supporting its use, resulting in avoidable death and disability. We aimed to evaluate an intervention to improve ...

    Authors: Melina Gattellari, Andrew Hayen, Dominic Y. C. Leung, Nicholas A. Zwar and John M. Worthington

    Citation: BMC Family Practice 2020 21:102

    Content type: Research article

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